Disebutkan bahwa A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (teks narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur orang).
Jika melihat pada kamus bahasa Inggris, secara harfiah narrative bermakna (1)
a spoken or written account of connected events; a story. (2) the
narrated part of a literary work, as distinct from dialogue. (3) the
practice or art of narration.
(Narrative
bermakna : 1. sebuah cerita baik terucap atau tertulis tentang
peristiwa-peristiwa yang berhubungan. 2. bagian yang diceritakan dalam
sebuah karya sastra, berbeda dengan dialog. 3. Praktik atau seni
bercerita)
Jika
disimpulkan, maka sebuah narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah
cerita baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis dan terdapat rangkaian
peristiwa yang saling terhubung.
Generic Structure dari Narrative Text
Bagi sobat yang masih duduk di bangku
sekolah tingkat menengah, penjelasan mengenai narrative texts tak usah
sulit-sulit ya.. Intinya, narrative text ini mempunyai struktur /
susunan seperti di bawah ini :
- Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
- Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
- Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".
Kadangkala susunan
(generic structure) narrative text bisa berisi:
Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Meski
“Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ditambahkan dan bisa tidak.
Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan
Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.
Jika sudah mahir membuat cerita
narrative, susunannya bisa diubah-ubah kok, yang terpenting
bagian-bagian di atas masih tetap ada dalam tulisan narrative sobat.
Grammar Used dalam Narrative Text
Grammar (tata bahasa) yang sering muncul dalam membuat narrative text adalah:
Menggunakan tenses "Past", baik simple,
past perfect, past continuous, past perfect continuous, atau bisa saja
past future continuous. (aturan ini bukan aturan wajib yang mutlak harus
dipenuhi kok. Tidak percaya, tanyakan pada guru bahasa Inggris sobat)
Untuk lebih jelasnya, lihat contohnya di bawah ini :
Contoh Narrative Text (1)
Sincere Will Get a Great Return
Once
upon a time, there was a kingdom named Auretto, all people lived
peacefully there. One of them was Charlita, the king’s daughter who was
assumed as the most beautiful and kindest Princess of Auretto.
One
day, Charlita looked blue. Because of that her father got confused.
“What’s the matter my beautiful daughter? Why are you so sad?” asked
King Fernando. Charlita was just silent. She did not say anything.
Then,
King Fernando decided to make a competition to cheer Charlita again.
After that, the palace representative announce: “I will make a
competition. The aim is to make my daughter, Princess Charlita to be
happy and laugh again. Everyone who can do it, will get a prize. It will
be held tomorrow when the sun rises. Sign: King Fernando.”
The
following morning, everybody came to the palace, tried to give their
best performance. They seemed happy and laugh, but not for Princess
Charlita. She was just silent and still looked sad.
King
Fernando started to give up. No one amused his daughter. Then, there
came a young handsome man. “Excuse me King Fernando. I would like to
join your competition. But, would you mind if I took Princess Charlita
for a walk?” said the young man gently. “As long as you make my
daughter be happy again, it will totally alright.” said King Fernando.
The young handsome man took Princess Charlita for a walk in a beautiful
blue lake with a green forest around it. Princess Charlita smiled and
looked happy after that. Every body looked happy, too. “I know why are
you so my beautiful daughter. Now, I promise I will environment green. I
regret for always destroying it. Finally, the environment around the
kingdom became so beautiful and green, full of plants. Then, the young
handsome man got a prize from the king. “I will marry you off my
daughter.” said him. “That is the prize I promise for you. Thanks for
keeping our environment well. Thanks for making my daughter happy
again.”
Contoh Narrative Text (2)
The Legend of Rawa Pening
Once
upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a little village.
He was very hungry and weak. He knocked at every door and asked for
some food, but nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little
boy.
Finally,
a generous woman helped him. She gave him shelter and a meal. When the
boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a “lesung”, a big wooden
mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, “please remember, if there
is a flood you must save yourself. Use this “lesung” as a boat”. The
“lesung” was happy and thanked the old woman.The little boy continued
his journey. While he was passing through the village, he saw many
people gathering on the field. The boy came closer and saw a stick
stuck in the ground. People challenged each other to pull out that
stick. Everybody tried, but nobody succeeded. “Can I try?” asked the
little boy. The crowd laughed mockingly. The boy wanted to try his luck
so he stepped forward and pulled out the stick. He could do it very
easily. Everybody was dumbfounded.
Suddenly,
from the hole left by stick, water spouted out. It did not stop until
it flooded the village. And no one was saved from the water except the
little boy and the generous old woman who gave him shelter and meal. As
she told him, he used the “lesung” as a boat and picked up the old
woman. The whole village became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa
Pening Lake in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia.
Penjelasan Narrative Text (untuk tingkat Mahir)
Untuk
mengetahui definisi dan penjelasan tentang narration (narrative text)
sobat mahasiswa dan mahasiswi bisa membaca buku buku tentang writing di
perpustakaan terdekat dan terlengkap, dan disini saya hanya akan
mengutipkan pendapat Thomas S. Kane (2000: 363-364) di bawah ini:
A
narrative is a meaningful sequence of events told in words. It is
sequential in that the events are ordered, not merely random. Sequence
always involves an arrangement in time (and usually other arrangements
as well). A straightforward movement from the first event to the last
constitutes the simplest chronology. However, chronology is sometimes
complicated by presenting the events in another order: for example, a
story may open with the final episode and then flash back to all that
preceded it.
A narrative has meaning in that it conveys an evaluation of some kind.
The writer reacts to the story he or she tells, and states or implies
that reaction. This is the "meaning," sometimes called the "theme," of a
story. Meaning must always be rendered. The writer has to do more than
tell us the truth he sees in the story; he must manifest that truth in
the characters and the action.
Characters and action are the essential elements of any story. Also
important, but not as essential, is the setting, the place where the
action occurs. Characters are usually people—sometimes actual people, as
in history books or newspaper stories, sometimes imaginary ones, as in
novels. Occasionally characters are animals (as in an Aesop fable), and
sometimes a dominant feature of the environment functions almost like a
character (the sea, an old house).
The action is what the characters say and do and anything that happens
to them, even if it arises from a nonhuman source—a storm, for instance,
or a fire. Action is often presented in the form of a plot. Action is,
so to speak, the raw material; plot, the finished product, the fitting
together of the bits and pieces of action into a coherent pattern.
Usually, though not invariably, plot takes the form of a cause-and
effect chain: event A produces event B; B leads to C; C to D; and so on
until the final episode, X. In a well-constructed plot of this kind we
can work back from X to A and see the connections that made the end of
the story likely and perhaps inevitable.
Stories can be very long and complicated, with many characters,
elaborate plots, and subtle interpenetration of character, action, and
setting. In writing that is primarily expository, however, narratives
are shorter and simpler. Most often they are factual rather than
imaginary, as when an historian describes an event. And often in
exposition an illustration may involve a simple narrative. Being able to
tell a story, then, while not the primary concern of the expository
writer, is a skill which he or she will now and again be called upon to
use.
Referensi :
Kane, Thomas. S. 2000.The Oxford Essential Guide to Writing. New York: Barkley Books
http://www.englishindo.com/2012/01/narrative-text-penjelasan-contoh.html
