Minggu, 10 Juni 2012

Timun Emas

Indonesia, lived a couple of farmer.  They had married for some years but they had no children.  So they prayed to a monster called Buta Ijo to give them children.  Buta Ijo was a ferocious and powerful monster.  He granted their wish on one condition.  When their children had grown up, they had to sacrifice them to Buta Ijo.  He liked eating fresh meat of human being.  The farmers agreed to his condition.  Several months later the wife was pregnant.

She gave birth to a beautiful baby girl.  They named her Timun Emas.  The farmers were happy.  Timun Emas was very healthy and a very smart girl.  She was also very diligent. When she was a teenager Buta Ijo came to their house.  Timun Emas was frightened so she ran away to hide.  The farmers then told Buta Ijo that Timun Emas was still a child.  They asked him to postpone.  Buta Ijo agreed.  He promised to come again.  The following year Buta Ijo came again.  But again and again their parents said that Timun Emas was still a child. 

When the third time Buta Ijo came their parents had prepared something for him.  They gave Timun Emas several bamboo needles, seeds of cucumber, dressing and salt. 

‘Timun, take these things’

‘What are these things?’

‘These are your weapons.  Buta Ijo will chase you.  He will eat you alive.  So run as fast as you can.  And if he will catch you spread this to the ground.  Now go!’

Timun Emas was scared so she ran as quickly as she could.  When Buta Ijo arrived she was far from home.  He was very angry when he realized that his prey had left.  So he ran to chase her.  He had a sharp nose so he knew what direction his prey ran. 

Timun Emas was just a girl while Buta Ijo was a monster so he could easily catch her up.  When he was just several steps behind Timun Emas quickly spread the seeds of cucumber.  In seconds they turned into many vines of cucumber.  The exhausted Buta Ijo was very thirsty so he grabbed and ate them.  When Buta Ijo was busy eating cucumber Timun Emas could run away.

But soon Buta Ijo realized and started running again.  When he was just several steps behind Timun Emas threw her bamboo needles.   Soon they turned into dense bamboo trees. Buta Ijo found it hard to pass.  It took him some time to break the dense bamboo forest.  Meanwhile Timun Emas could run farther.

Buta Ijo chased her again.  When he almost catch her again and again Timun Emas threw her dressing.  This time it turned into a lake.  Buta Ijo was busy to save himself so Timun Emas ran way.  But Buta Ijo could overcome it and continued chasing her.

Finally when Timun Emas was almost caught she threw her salt.  Soon the land where Buta Ijo stood turned into ocean.  Buta Ijo was drowned and died instantly. 

Timun Emas was thankful to god and came back to her home.
 
http://www.englishindo.com/2011/09/timun-emas.html
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Snow White dan the Seven Dwarfs

Once upon a time in a great castle, a Prince's daughter grew up happy and contented, in spite of a jealous stepmother. She was very pretty, with blue eyes and long black hair. Her skin was delicate and fair, and so she was called Snow White. Everyone was quite sure she would become very beautiful. Though her stepmother was a wicked woman, she too was very beautiful, and the magic mirror told her this every day, whenever she asked it.

"Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the loveliest lady in the land?" The reply was always; "You are, your Majesty," until the dreadful day when she heard it say, "Snow White is the loveliest in the land." The stepmother was furious and, wild with jealousy, began plotting to get rid of her rival. Calling one of her trusty servants, she bribed him with a rich reward to take Snow White into the forest, far away from the Castle. Then, unseen, he was to put her to death. The greedy servant, attracted to the reward, agreed to do this deed, and he led the innocent little girl away. However, when they came to the fatal spot, the man's courage failed him and, leaving Snow White sitting beside a tree, he mumbled an excuse and ran off. Snow White was all alone in the forest.

Night came, but the servant did not return. Snow White, alone in the dark forest, began to cry bitterly. She thought she could feel terrible eyes spying on her, and she heard strange sounds and rustlings that made her heart thump. At last, overcome by tiredness, she fell asleep curled under a tree.

Snow White slept fitfully, wakening from time to time with a start and staring into the darkness round her. Several times, she thought she felt something, or somebody touch her as she slept.

At last, dawn woke the forest to the song of the birds, and Snow White too, awoke. A whole world was stirring to life and the little girl was glad to see how silly her fears had been. However, the thick trees were like a wall round her, and as she tried to find out where she was, she came upon a path. She walked along it, hopefully. On she walked till she came to a clearing. There stood a strange cottage, with a tiny door, tiny windows and a tiny chimney pot. Everything about the cottage was much tinier than it ought to be. Snow White pushed the door open.

"l wonder who lives here?" she said to herself, peeping round the kitchen. "What tiny plates! And spoons! There must be seven of them, the table's laid for seven people." Upstairs was a bedroom with seven neat little beds. Going back to the kitchen, Snow White had an idea.

"I'll make them something to eat. When they come home, they'll be glad to find a meal ready." Towards dusk, seven tiny men marched homewards singing. But when they opened the door, to their surprise they found a bowl of hot steaming soup on the table, and the whole house spick and span. Upstairs was Snow White, fast asleep on one of the beds. The chief dwarf prodded her gently.

"Who are you?" he asked. Snow White told them her sad story, and tears sprang to the dwarfs' eyes. Then one of them said, as he noisily blew his nose:

"Stay here with us!"

"Hooray! Hooray!" they cheered, dancing joyfully round the little girl. The dwarfs said to Snow White:

"You can live here and tend to the house while we're down the mine. Don't worry about your stepmother leaving you in the forest. We love you and we'll take care of you!" Snow White gratefully accepted their hospitality, and next morning the dwarfs set off for work. But they warned Snow White not to open the door to strangers.

Meanwhile, the servant had returned to the castle, with the heart of a roe deer. He gave it to the cruel stepmother, telling her it belonged to Snow White, so that he could claim the reward. Highly pleased, the stepmother turned again to the magic mirror. But her hopes were dashed, for the mirror replied: "The loveliest in the land is still Snow White, who lives in the seven dwarfs' cottage, down in the forest." The stepmother was beside herself with rage.

"She must die! She must die!" she screamed. Disguising herself as an old peasant woman, she put a poisoned apple with the others in her basket. Then, taking the quickest way into the forest, she crossed the swamp at the edge of the trees. She reached the bank unseen, just as Snow White stood waving goodbye to the seven dwarfs on their way to the mine.

Snow White was in the kitchen when she heard the sound at the door: KNOCK! KNOCK!

"Who's there?" she called suspiciously, remembering the dwarfs advice.

"I'm an old peasant woman selling apples," came the reply.

"I don't need any apples, thank you," she replied.

"But they are beautiful apples and ever so juicy!" said the velvety voice from outside the door.

"I'm not supposed to open the door to anyone," said the little girl, who was reluctant to disobey her friends.

"And quite right too! Good girl! If you promised not to open up to strangers, then of course you can't buy. You are a good girl indeed!" Then the old woman went on.

"And as a reward for being good, I'm going to make you a gift of one of my apples!" Without a further thought, Snow White opened the door just a tiny crack, to take the apple.

"There! Now isn't that a nice apple?" Snow White bit into the fruit, and as she did, fell to the ground in a faint: the effect of the terrible poison left her lifeless instantaneously.

Now chuckling evilly, the wicked stepmother hurried off. But as she ran back across the swamp, she tripped and fell into the quicksand. No one heard her cries for help, and she disappeared without a trace.

Meanwhile, the dwarfs came out of the mine to find the sky had grown dark and stormy. Loud thunder echoed through the valleys and streaks of lightning ripped the sky. Worried about Snow White they ran as quickly as they could down the mountain to the cottage.

There they found Snow White, lying still and lifeless, the poisoned apple by her side. They did their best to bring her around, but it was no use.

They wept and wept for a long time. Then they laid her on a bed of rose petals, carried her into the forest and put her in a crystal coffin.

Each day they laid a flower there.

Then one evening, they discovered a strange young man admiring Snow White's lovely face through the glass. After listening to the story, the Prince (for he was a prince!) made a suggestion.

"If you allow me to take her to the Castle, I'll call in famous doctors to waken her from this peculiar sleep. She's so lovely I'd love to kiss her!" He did, and as though by magic, the Prince's kiss broke the spell. To everyone's astonishment, Snow White opened her eyes. She had amazingly come back to life! Now in love, the Prince asked Snow White to marry him, and the dwarfs reluctantly had to say good bye to Snow White.

From that day on, Snow White lived happily in a great castle. But from time to time, she was drawn back to visit the little cottage down in the forest.


http://www.englishindo.com/2011/11/dongeng-bahasa-inggris-snow-white-and.html
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A Gold Snail

Once upon a time, there was a couple living in a palace. They were Prince Raden Putra and Dewi Limaran. Prince Raden Putra's father was the king of the kingdom.

One day, Dewi Limaran was walking around in the palace garden. Suddenly she saw a snail. It was ugly and disgusting.
"Yuck!" said Dewi Limaran and then she threw it away into a river.
She did not know that the snail was actually an old and powerful witch. She could transform herself into anything. The witch was angry to Dewi Limaran. The witch put a spell on her and changed her into a golden snail. The witch then threw it away into the river.
The golden snail was drifting away in the river and got caught into a net. An old woman was fishing and used her net to catch some fish. She was surprised to see a golden snail in her net. She took it and brought it home. When the old woman woke up in the morning, she was surprised that the house was in the good condition. 
The floor was mopped. And she also had food on the table. She was thinking very hard.
"Who did this to me? The person is very kind." It happened again and again every morning.
The old woman was very curious. One night she decided to stay up late. She was peeping from her room to know who cooked for her. Then, she could not believe what she saw. The golden snail she caught in the river turned into a beautiful woman. The old woman approached her.

"Who are you, young girl?"

"I am Dewi Limaran, Ma'am. A witch cursed me. I can change back as a human only at night," explained Dewi Limaran.
"The spell can be broken if I hear the melody from the holy gamelan," continued Dewi Limaran.

The old woman then rushed to the palace. She talked to Prince Raden Putra about her wife.


Prince Raden Putra was so happy. He had been looking for his wife everywhere.

He then prayed and meditated. He asked the gods to give him the holy gamelan. He wanted to break the witch's spell. After several days praying and meditating, finally gods granted his wish. He immediately brought the holy gamelan to the old woman's house. He played it beautifully. And then amazingly the golden snail turned into the beautiful Dewi Limaran.

The couple was so happy that they could be together again. They also thanked the old woman for her kindness. As a return, they asked her to stay in the palace

http://www.englishindo.com/2012/02/dongeng-keong-mas-bahasa-inggris.html

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Contoh Tenses "Active & Passive Voice"

Contoh tenses bahasa Inggris berkenaan dengan active voice dan passive voice ini telah dijelaskan dalam debat tenses bahasa Inggris. Untuk mengingat kembaili mari kita lihat contoh tenses bahasa Inggris active & passive berikut ini :

Tenses
Contoh Aktif
Contoh Pasif
Simple Present
She drives the car
The car is driven by her
Simple Past
She drove the car
The car was driven by her
Simple Future
She will drive the car
The car will be driven by her
Present Continuous
She is driving the car
The car is being driven by her
Past Continuous
She was driving the car
The car was being driven by her
Future Continuous
She will be driving the car
The car will be being driven by her
Present Perfect
She has driven the car
The car has been driven by her
Past Perfect
She had driven the car
The car had been driven by her
Future Perfect
She will have driven the car
The car will have been driven by her
Present Perfect Continuous
She has been driving the car
The car has been being driven by her
Past Perfect Continuous
She had been driving the car
The car had been being driven by her
Future Perfect Continuous
She will have been driving the car
The car would have been being driven by her
Past Future
She would drive the car
The car would be driven by her
Past Future Continuous
She would be driving the car
The car would be being driven by her car
Past Future Perfect
She would have driven the car
The car would have been driven by her car
Past Future Perfect Continuous
She would have been driving the car
The car would have been being driven by her



Keterangan : 

Untuk Huruf yang berwarna HIJAU, dalam teori tenses Bahasa Inggris memang tidak digunakan. Jika pada kalimat aktif saja tidak digunakan maka secara otomatis pada kalimat pasif pun demikian.

Sedang untuk Huruf yang berwarna MERAH, kalimat pasif pada tenses future continuous, present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, dan future perfect continuous dalam teori tenses bahasa Inggris jarang sekali digunakan.
 
http://www.englishindo.com/2011/11/contoh-tenses-active-passive-voice.html
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6 Kesalahan Grammar dalam Menulis Kalimat

Postingan ini diadaptasi dari tulisan West (2008: 29-36) tentang kesalahan-kesalahan gramatikal dalam menulis sebuah kalimat. Saya akan menjelaskannya secara singkat, jelas, transparan dan tanpa basa-basi. Menurut West, setidaknya ada 7 kesalahan umum yang dilakukan seseorang dalam menulis sebuah kalimat, namun disini saya hanya akan memberikan 6 kesalahan Grammar Bahasa Inggris dalam menulis kalimat :

Pertama, Verbs not agreeing with subjects 

Aturannya sederhana: Kata Kerja serasi dengan Subyek (The verb agrees with the subject)

Ø  Singular subject, singular verb
Subyek tunggal harus ditemani kata kerja ‘tunggal’, contoh: The cat sits on the mat
Ø  Plural subject, plural verb
Subyek jamak harus ditemani kata kerja ‘jamak’, contoh: The cats sit on the mat
Ø  Two singular subject, plural verb
Dua subyek tunggal harus ditemani kata kerja ‘jamak’, contoh: The cat and the dog sit on the mat

Keterangan:

Aturan-aturan di atas masih sebatas aturan umum, ada beberapa pengecualian dalam aturan tersebut, misalnya kata kerja tak beraturan (irregular verb) yang berupa ‘to be’ (You are my love dan You are my students). Contoh pertama (you are my love) menunjukkan subyek tunggal (kamu) sedang contoh kedua (you are my students) menunjukkan subyek jamak (kalian); meskipun begitu, kata kerja yang berupa ‘to be’ tetap menggunakan ‘are’. Oleh karena itulah pemahaman tentang kata kerja (verb) sangat mempengaruhi dalam menulis sebuah kalimat. 

 Selain ‘to be’, subyek yang berupa ‘collective noun’ juga sangat mempengaruhi kata kerja, bandingkan contoh berikut:

·         The team is working on it
·         The team are working on it

Kedua contoh diatas sama-sama benar. Contoh pertama mengacu pada suatu tim dalam satu kesatuan sehingga kata kerjanya berupa ‘is’, sedang contoh kedua mengacu pada orang-orang yang ada dalam tim (the people of the team) sehingga kata kerjanya berupa are.

Kategori kesalahan grammatikal diatas bisa terasa mudah jika kita sangat paham tentang ‘Subject-Verb Agreement’.




Kedua, Split infinitives

Infinitives (lebih dikenal dengan to infinitive) sewajarnya berbentuk to + verb murni. Split infinitives ini berarti terpisahnya to dengan verb murninya. Memang jika terpisahnya ‘kedua pasangan’ ini tidak terlalu jauh, maka boleh-boleh saja. Namun jika jaraknya terlalu panjang maka akan terlihat kaku, contoh:

·         He began to slowly but surely turn the company round

Contoh diatas terlihat tidak wajar karena memisahkan to dengan verb murninya terlalu jauh. Kalimat diatas seharusnya:

·         He began to turn the company round, slowly but surely. Atau
·         Slowly but surely, he began to turn the company round.

Ketiga, Dangling Participles

Participle disini adalah participle hasil dari omitting ataupun reducing clause, bukan participle yang difungsikan sebagai adjective. Berbeda dengan dua contoh diatas, dimana hanya kemampuan memahami grammar yang dibutuhkan, Dangling Participles, dikenal juga dengan istilah misrelated participle (participle yang tak serasi dengan subyek), membutuhkan kemampuan dalam segi makna untuk memahaminya, contoh:

·         Cycling along a path used by Dr Livingstone, a leopard leapt out and attacked me.

Contoh diatas sebenarnya adalah sebuah adverbial clause yang sub-clausenya menghilangkan (omitting) subyek dan conjunction after. Karena dalam syarat omitting, subyek yang dihilangkan harus sama dengan yang ada di main clause, maka participle ‘cycling’ diatas tidaklah benar. Seharusnya ‘cycling’ pada ‘omitting’ pada contoh tadi mengacu pada subyek manusia karena kegiatan bersepeda umumnya dilakukan oleh manusia; akan tetapi subyek pada main clause berupa bintang ‘leopard’ sehingga makna kedua clausenya menjadi rancu. Contoh kalimat diatas jika dijabarkan maka akan menjadi seperti ini:

·         After I cycled along a path used by Dr Livingstone, a leopard leapt out and attacked me.

Untuk membenarkan kalimat diatas, maka seharusnya subyek pada main clause harus diubah menjadi I, sehingga menjadi:

·         After I cycled along a path used by Dr Livingstone, I was attacked by a leopard.

Jika sub. Conjunction dan subjectnya dihilangkan (omitted), maka kalimatnya menjadi:

·         Cycling along a path used by Dr Livingstone, I was attacked by a leopard.

Keempat, Unbalanced Sentences

Jika menggunakan correlative conjunction, seperti either….or… atau not only….but also… kita harus memahami bahwa kalimat tersebut memiliki kesejajaran dalam bentuk dan fungsi.

Contoh:

Shelly is not only beautiful but also smart
Kata-kata setelah not only dan but also diatas (beautiful dan smart) jelas memiliki bentuk dan fungsi yang sama yaitu sama-sama adjective dan sama-sama berfungsi sebagai subjective complement. Namun hal yang paling penting adalah bentuk harus sama, jika tidak maka kalimat tersebut menjadi tidak seimbang:

Contoh:

Shelly is not only a student but also smart

Kalimat tersebut salah karena tidak seimbangnya antara a student dan smartnya (student sebagai noun dan sedangkan smart adjective). Menurut nalar semantics (pengetahuan akan makna) juga pasti terlihat rancu.

Kelima, ‘I’ or ‘me’?

Dalam percakapan sehari-hari, kalimat It’s me,  terdengar wajar-wajar saja, namun dalam menulis Bahasa Inggris yang baik, tentu kalimat tersebut jelas salah. Mengapa? Karena me hanya digunakan sebagai object pronoun yang hanya bisa diletakkan setelah transitive verb. Sedangkan is (to be) dikategorikan sebagai intransitive verb (kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan object). Oleh karena itu sangat tidak wajar jika kita menulis kalimat dibawah ini

It was me who suggest the rise in fees

Kalimat diatas seharusnya:

It was I who suggest the rise in fees

Keenam, ‘Who’ or ‘whom’?

Pernah belajar adjective clause? Jika pernah pasti sobat mengenal who dan whom ini. Kesalahan ini sebenarnya tidak menjadi masalah untuk sekarang-sekarang ini, mengingat kata who dan whom terkadang sudah tidak mempunyai  perbedaan satupun. Meskipun dalam grammar kedua kata tersebut memiliki perbedaan yang sangat signifikan. Contoh:

The man whom I mentioned yesterday is Andi
The man who came yesterday is Andi

Lihat perbedaan kedua kalimat diatas: SETELAH WHO PASTI VERB, SEDANGKAN SETELAH WHOM PASTI SUBJECT = NOUN / PRONOUN.
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35 Mistakes That Advanced Students Often Make

Advanced Students? Siapa tuh? Sepertinya Advance Students tu maksudnya adalah Mahasiswa....  Ah tinggalkan saja mahasiswa. Langsung saja, sebenarnya judul asli posting ini adalah “Even advanced students make mistakes. Here are 35.” Judul tersebut diungkapkan Michael Swan tentang 35 kesalahan berbahasa Inggris yang sering dilakukan oleh Mahasiswa tingkat mahir. Ya, sebagaimana postingan terdahulu tentang 35 Kesalahan yang seringdilakukan oleh Mahasiswa tingkat menengah dan 35 Kesalahan Sepele dalam Berbahasa Inggris, memang wajar saja jika kita pernah melakukan kesalahan dalam berbahasa Inggris (apalagi yang kemampuannya pas-pasan). Namun begitu, alangkah baiknya kita sama-sama mengakui bahwa apa yang diungkapkan oleh Swan ini sekedar sebuah peringatan yang harus kita cermati bersama. 


Materi yang dibahas dalam Kesalahan-Kesalahan Mahasiswa tingkat Mahir dalam Berbahasa Inggris tentu mengandung materi Bahasa Inggris yang lebih mapan, lebih sulit dan lebih rumit. Oleh karena itu, perlu pedoman atau buku pegangan yang cukup agar bisa mengetahui alasan-alasan untuk membenarkan kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut, ya setidaknya memiliki buku karangan Michael Swan yang dijadikan referensi posting ini. Oke, biar kesannya menantang mari kita simak saja bersama-sama. Bagi mahasiswa yang sudah merasa memiliki kemampuan Bahasa Inggris, silahkan membaca artikel ini dengan teliti apakah anda termasuk mahasiswa yang sering terkecoh dengan kalimat-kalimat dibawah ini?

No
Jangan katakan/tulis
Katakan/tulis
1
I’ll ask you in case I need help
I’ll ask you if I need help
2
I object to tell them my age
I object to telling them my age
3
I like the 60s music
I like 60s music/the music of the 60s
4
Ten thousand, a hundred and six
Ten thousand, one hundred and six
5
Who’s that? – He’s John
Who’s that - It’s John
6
I don’t like to be shouted
I don’t like to be shouted at
7
It’s ages since she’s arrived
It’s ages since she arrived
8
The police is looking for him
The police are looking for him
9
Prices are surely rising fast
Prices are certainly rising fast
10
I have big respect for her ideas
I have great respect for her ideas
11
I don’t like nowadays fashions
I don’t like today’s/modern fashions
12
She passed her exam, what surprised everybody
….., which surprised everybody
13
I’ve good knowledge of German
I’ve a good knowledge of German
14
Finally! Where have you been?
At last! Where have you been?
15
I’ll be home since 3 o’clock
I’ll be home from 3 o’clock
16
We waited one and a half hour
We waited one and a half hours
17
It’s time they go home
It’s time they went home
18
I’ll see you a few days later
I’ll see you in a few days
19
All along the centuries, there have bee wars
All through the centuries,…..
20
I want a completely other colour
I want a completely different colour
21
Let’s go and have coffee to Marcel’s
Let’s go and have coffee at Marcel’s
22
That’s mine – I saw it at first!
That’s mine – I saw it first!
23
Switzerland is among Germany, France, Austria and Italy
Switzerland is between Germany, France, Austria and Italy
24
According to me, it’s a bad film
In my opinion / I think it’s a bad film
25
It was a too good party to miss
It was too good a party to miss
26
Whole Paris was celebrating
The whole of Paris was celebrating
27
I nearly wish I’d stay at home
I almost wish I’d stay at home
28
One speaks Italian in my town
We/they speak Italian in my town
29
The girl wants an own room
The girl wants her own room
30
Couldn’t you help me, please?
Could you help me, please?/You couldn’t help me, could you?
31
I’ll try to know when it starts
I’ll try to find out when it start
32
I love this so beautiful country
I love this countryit’s so beautiful
33
It’s getting winter
It’s getting to be winter
34
Our flat is decorated this week
Our flat is being decorated this week
35
The Mont Blanc is 4808m high
Mont Blanc is 4808m high

Pemberitahuan, saya informasikan bahwa “Referensi tentang Kesalahan-kesalahan diatas diungkapkan oleh Michael Swan, pengarang buku Practical English Usage.” Ia adalah salah satu pengarang buku yang lebih condong dalam pembahasan British English alias Bahasa Inggrisnya Orang Inggris. Meskipun begitu, tidak begitu banyak perbedaan dalam penggunaannya dalam American English. Oleh karenanya, jangan khawatir hal tersebut tentu bisa dijadikan referensi yang baik untuk sobat-sobat semua yang sedang mempelajari Bahasa Inggris.

Akhirnya, sekian saja kutipan referensi tentang kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan Mahasiswa tingkat mahir dalam berbahasa Inggris, semoga kita bisa meningkatkan kualitas berbahasa Inggris kita dengan mengurangi kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut. See you later….

Referensi

Swan, Michael. 2005. Practical English Usage:3rd edition. Oxford University Press.
http://www.englishindo.com/2011/04/35-mistakes-that-advanced-students.html
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